Conservation easements bring permanent protection for area lands

Just east of Kalispell sits a 731-acre farm property owned by Myron and Vicky Mast. With hay bales stacked to the sky, a litter of red heeler puppies running around and a farmhouse built in 1978, the Masts call the farm home. 

Their home, as of this year, is officially conserved in perpetuity through a conservation easement, something that has happened multiple times in 2023 across the valley. 

“Open spaces are going away,” Myron said. “Somebody has to preserve them. May as well be me and my neighbors.”

Conservation easements are voluntary legal agreements between a land owner and a land trust that permanently limit development on a parcel of land to protect its conservation values. Landowners place their property under an easement — by donating the land or receiving payment for the land or sometimes in a combination of both — agreeing to restrictions typically that the land will not be developed. 

    Ed Goldberg stands on his property along the Swan River east of Bigfork on June 22, 2023. Goldberg just placed his 40 acres under a conservation easement. (Kate Heston/Daily Inter Lake)
  

The land remains private and landowners can still operate on their land following the terms of the agreement. 

Simply, the easement protects the land from future development thus preserving its value for agriculture, timber, open space, recreation and wildlife habitat. 

“The Flathead is changing fast and we need to do something before we lose it,” said Mark Schiltz, the Western Manager for the Montana Land Reliance, a nonprofit land trust. “We need to do something to help landowners who want to step up and protect their land.”

The Masts put their Creston land under a conservation easement in November with the help of the Montana Land Reliance, one of the organizations working to preserve productive lands in the valley. The easement actively helps conserve 731 acres of productive farmland, sub-irrigated riparian pasture and forestland. 

Myron Mast’s parents in 1930 purchased the first parcel of land at 320 acres. Over time, they acquired more property in the area. Myron, the youngest of six, stewards the land today, farming and cultivating it like his father. 

“[My parents] worked very hard to put the land together, I didn’t want to be the one to tear it apart,” Myron said. 

The Mast easement received funding through the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Agricultural Land Easement Program and the Montana Land Reliance’s Richard and Grace Blanchet Fund — named after local farmers who protected their property and left their estate to the Montana Land Reliance to be farmed.

“It’s a feeling of confidence that it’ll stay that way,” Myron said about his land. “To know it’ll stay that way after I’m gone is a comforting thought.”

The Montana Land Reliance focuses on preserving properties in the Creston Bench area, specifically with the intent of protecting farmlands. The group completed the one conservation easement in 2023, but has multiple in the works for 2024 including more land in Creston. 

“In a world that is changing so fast, cultural changes, social changes, technology changes, certainly changes in our values and with people… we live in change all the time,” said Schiltz. “But a conservation easement is the only tool to stop change, literally stop it. That land will never change.”

NOT ONLY do easements keep landscapes intact, but they also protect the conservation values on that landscape — including habitat and natural areas, according to Paul Travis, executive director of the Flathead Land Trust.

The Flathead Land Trust is another conservation trailblazer in the area. The trust saw multiple completed easements this year and anticipates in 2024 finishing its biggest current project, the Owen Sowerwine Natural Area. 

The natural area — a 442-acre tract of land just half a mile east of Kalispell — is School Trust Land administered by the Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, meaning that it is used to generate revenue for schools in Montana. 

Currently, those revenues come from license fees, paid by Audubon organizations, to designate the land as a natural area.

Besides its trails, a footbridge, and a couple of birdhouses, the land is mainly a place for wildlife alone. The addition of an easement, Travis said, ensures a long-term, financially sound option to ensure the habitat and wetlands remain intact. 

The easement will go directly to the school trust fund to further bypass the use of licenses on the property, protecting the land while not disrupting funding provided to the fund. 

The Montana State Land Board unanimously approved the easement last week. According to the Flathead Land Trust, the easement is on track to be finalized in early 2024. The easement will be purchased for its appraised value of $970,000.

With the added conservation easement, virtually nothing is changing, Travis said. The main change is a matter of funding; in fact, the point is to secure — not change — the conditions that currently exist on the ground to preserve the area for the future.

In addition to finalizing the easement for Owen Sowerwine, Flathead Land Trust has helped private landowners conserve their land in perpetuity.

In the final days of December 2022, the Flathead Land Trust finalized an easement on 655 acres of farmland and wildlife habitat along the Stillwater River, owned by the Kohrs family.

“The easements are protecting our quality of life in Northwest Montana,” said Laura Katzman, a land protection specialist for the Flathead Land Trust, back in January. The easement set the stage for a successful 2023. 

The land trust completed its first 2023 easement in January with the conservation of a 24-acre open-space property owned by Pat Nissen. 

The property is adjacent to another 27-acre stretch of conservation property and, according to the land trust, the Nissen property serves as a wildlife movement corridor for bears and other animals between the Whitefish Range and Stillwater River. 

“I could see where things were going around here and I wanted to do what I could to save at least a little bit [of land],” Nissen said in an interview in February. 

In May, the Flathead Land Trust helped Ed Goldberg, who owns 40 acres of land along the Swan River just east of Bigfork, place his land under an easement, helping to protect primarily undisturbed forest and riparian habitat. 

Goldberg moved to Bozeman from Boston in the early 2000s. After buying land in the Flathead in 2020, Goldberg quickly fell in love with the land and couldn’t stand to see it developed, he said in June. 

When a friend of Goldberg’s, who works with conservation efforts in California, recommended he reach out to a local conservation group to protect the property, it was an easy decision, he said. 

“It was a pretty simple process,” said Goldberg. “Let this hopefully be a catalyst.”

Though the conservation easements came in 2017 and 2018, the Grosswiler family this year was honored for their efforts in preserving land. The owners of 396 acres of farmland, open space and critical habitat west of Kalispell, the family placed their land under an easement with the help of the Flathead Land Trust. 

This year, the Grosswilers were one of five individuals and families to receive the 2023 Montana Watershed and Wetland Stewardship Award, an award based on leadership and dedication to protecting land and water statewide. 

The family also worked with Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks to grant public access on a portion of their land, creating the West Valley Bird and Wildlife Viewing Area, which overlooks the property, has parking, a few benches, a tower viewer and is popular for birders.

“We can’t give enough credit and thanks to our willing landowners for wanting to conserve their lands and enter into a conservation easement, and especially on top of that, allow some public access,” Travis said in May regarding the Grosswilers.

Two additional easements were closed in 2023 by the Vital Ground Foundation, a land trust specifically working toward conserving habitat for and encouraging connectivity between grizzly bears.

“We are really fortunate to be working with some conservation-minded landowners … where we can protect working lands and some of the best scenic space Montana has to offer,” said Mitch Doherty, the group’s conservation director. 

The first easement — completed by Vital Ground with collaboration from Montana Freshwater Partners —  was placed on 30 acres in the Swan Valley in January. The property is essential for connectivity between the Bob Marshall Wilderness and the Mission Mountain Tribal Wilderness, according to Vital Ground. 

This second easement, completed at the end of February, was on 28 acres of land near Eureka, owned by Greg and Lisa Levine.

All three organizations have projects in the works and expect to be completed in 2024, anticipating another successful year of conservation in the valley.

“While each of us have sort of our own niche and our own roles, I think it’s important that we are all working together at the same,” Doherty said in November. “All the land trusts, including Vital Ground, have sort of a long-term commitment to our easements. That is that stewardship piece.”